{English;<Manuscripts ;(1-18), (19-36), } {{Turkish;<Yayın Listesi ;(19-36), ( 37-53 ) }

• 37.
  SOME NUT CHARACTERISTICS AND VARIATION OF THESE CHARACTERISTICS WITHIN HAZELNUT CULTIVAR PALAZ
• ABSTRACT: This study was carried out to determine important nut and kernel quality Characteristics and variation in nut and kernel weight and kernel percentage in orchards of Palaz hazelnut cultivar in Ordu and nearby villages. Samples were selected at random from 36 orchards. it was determined that the nut weight, shell thickness. kernel weight and kernel percentage of this cultivar were l .810-2.721 g. 0.610-0.970 mm, 0.988-1.431 g and 41.94-60.53%. respectively. Furthermore, certain nut characteristics were examined: nut length. nut width, nut height, kernel length, kernel width, kernel height, small nuts. blanks. poor fill, shriveled kernels, doubles and good kernels. The coefficients of variation for nut weight, kernel weight and kernel percentage werel0.79%, 8.35% and 5.68%, respectively.
• 38.
  DETERMINATION OF INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG IMPORTANT NUT QUALITY
  CHARACTERISTICS ON PALAZ AND SİVRİ HAZELNUT CULTIVARS BY PATH ANALYSIS
• ABSTRACT: This study was carried out on Palaz and Sivri hazelnut cultivars grown in central Ordu and the surrounding area. The interrelationships among husk length, nut length, nut width, nut height nut weight, shell thickness, kernel length. kernel width, kernel height, , kernel weight and percent kernel were determined using path analysis. From the path analysis, it was found that percent kernel in Palaz cultivar was affected by shell thickness (r=-0.419**) and husk length (r=-0.350**) according to nut weight; in Sivri cultivar. it was affected by nut length according to nut weight (r=-0.351 **) and by kernel width according to kernel weight (r=0.324**). There were also negative effects on percent kernel from the other Characteristics according to nut weight. The correlations of percent kennel-nut length. percent kernel-kernel width, percent kernel-kernel height and percent kernel-kernel weight in Palaz cultivar, and percent kernel-nut weight. percent kernel-kernel length and percent kernel-kernel height in Sivri cultivar were not significant.
• 39.
  THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES AND PERIODS ON PELLICLE REMOVAL LEVELS IN TOMBUL AND PALAZ HAZELNUT CULTIVARS ARE GROWN IN ORDU
• ABSTRACT: This study was carried out on Tombul and Palaz hazelnut
  cultivars in Ordu. Pellicle removal levels in different temperatures and periods
  were examined. As a result of statistically analyses, among the cultivars, the
  temperatures, the periods, and the interactions between the cultivars and the
  temperatures, between the temperatures and the periods were found to be
  significant. The average pellicle removal levels were 89.02 % in Tombul and
  83.69 % in Palaz cultivars. The highest pellicle removal levels were determined
  175 °C and 185 °C, and the lowest at 110 °C. Finally, it is recommended that 10 minutes and 15 minutes at 175 °C for Tombul, and 20 minutes and 30 minutes at 150 °C for Palaz cultivars show good results, as regard of the combinations of the pellicle removal levels, the color and the flavor.
• 40.
  POMOLOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HAZELNUT TYPES GROWN IN ORDU REGION
• ABSTRACT: This study was carried out in Ordu and its villages. Investigated
  following properties of newly introduced hazelnut types: Nut width, length and
  thickness, kernel width, length and thickness, nut weight, kernel weight, shell
  thickness, kernel percentage, kernel shrinkage, number of nuts/cluster, husk
  length, nut shape index, double kernel, empty nut. As a result of this study, nut
  weight varied from 1.439 g to 3.172 g in hazelnut types. While the highest kernel
  percentage was found as 56.28 %, the smallest was found as 34.31 %. Shell
  thickness varied from 0.73 mm to 1.83 mm. in these nuts, we determined that
  they had 3 nut shape group which were 39 types of round shape, 13 types of
  pointed shape and 3 types of long shape.
• 41.
  A RESEARCH ON PELLICLE REMOVAL IN SOME HAZELNUT CULTIVARS
  GROWN IN ORDU ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
• ABSTRACT: This study was carried out to determine the pellicle removal in Tombul, Palaz and Kalınkara hazelnut cultivars grown in Ordu ecological conditions in 1997. The pellicle removal was changed in different altitudes and cultivars. While the maximum percentage of pellicle removal was determined at 500 m altitude, the minimum percentage was determined at 50 m altitude. Among the varieties, Tombul cv. Showed the maximum percentage of pellicle removal ( 84.25 %) at 500 m altitude. whereas the minimum percentage was determined in Kalınkara cv. (5.73 %) at 50 m altitude. Besides, in Tombul cv., among the cities, the most percentage of pellicle removal was determined in Giresun.
• 42.
  DETERMINATION OF INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE PERCENTAGES OF PELLICLE REMOVAL AND THE OTHER IMPORTANT FRUIT QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS IN HAZELNUTS BY PATH ANALYSIS
• ABSTRACT: This study was carried out to determine the determination of interrelationships among the percentages of pellicle removal and the other important fruit quality characteristics on Tombul, Kalınkara, Palaz and Sivri hazelnut cultivars are grown in Ordu in 1988. As a result of study, there were the negative relations between pellicle removal and shell thickness in Tombul and Palaz cvs., the positive relation between pellicle removal and nut weight and kernel weight in Palaz cv., and the
  negative relation between pellicle removal and nut thickness, the positive relation between pellicle removal and kernel percentages in Sivri cv. Furthermore, the indirect effects of these characteristics on pellicle removal were also significant.
  Key Words: Hazelnut, Pellicle removal, Quality characteristics, Path analysis
• 43.
  RESEARCHES ON POMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LOCAL FIG CULTIVARS GROWN IN VAKFIKEBİR (TRABZON/TURKEY)
• ABSTRACT: in this study, it was determined that 4 important local fig varieties grown in Vakfıkebir (Trabzon), in this varieties which were called as Patlıcan, Kara Patlıcan, Kara Torasan and Beyaz Torasan was determined fruit weight as 30.00-59.18 g, fruit diameter as 4.20-5.10 cm, fruit length as 3.80-7.00 cm, pH as 4.8-5.4, total soluble solid contents as 18.00-23.00 % and titreable acidity as 0.102-0.416 %. in addition, this local cultivars were fresh consumption.
• 44.
  A RESEARCH ON DETERMINATION OF CENTRAL CAVITY IN DIFFERENT PELLICLE REMOVAL TEMPERATURES AND PERIODS ON HAZELNUTS
• ABSTRACT: This study was carried out on Tombul, Sivri, Çakıldak and Kalınkara hazelnut cultivars are grown in Ordu. in this study, the effects on central cavity of different pellicle removal temperatures and periods were determined. As a result of study, there were significant differences among cultivars and pellicle removal temperatures. The central cavity was the highest in Çakıldak cv. and the lowest in
  Sivri cv., and the lowest value was determined at 125 °C.
• 45.
  THE EFFECTS OF ALTITUDE, M0ISTURE CONTENT AND LOCATI0N ON THE SHELL CRACKING RESISTANCE OF SOME HAZELNUT CULTIVARS
• ABSTRACT: This study was carried out to determine the effects of altitude (50 m, 100 m. 200 m. 350 m and 500 m) and moisture content on the shell cracking resistance of the hazelnut cultivars, namely Tombul, Palaz and Kalınkara grown in Ordu. As a result of this study. it was determined that the shell cracking resistance was significantly affected by the altitudes and cultivars. The highest value of shell cracking resistance was obtained with Kalınkara cv. and the 50 m altitude, the lowest one with Palaz cv. and
  the 500m altitude. On the other hand, the shell cracking resistance of Tombul cv. grown in 100 m altitude in Ordu, Giresun and Trabzon cities was not affected by the location. in addition. there was no correlation between moisture content Tombul and its shell cracking resistance.
• 46.
  A STUDY ON RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SHELL CRACKING RESISTANCE AND SOME OTHER NUT CHARACTERISTICS IN HAZELNUTS
• ABSTRACT: This study was conducted in 1997 on Tombul, Palaz, Sivri and Kalınkara hazelnut cultivars grown in Ordu Center and its villages, at 100 m altitude,. The relationship among shell cracking resistance and other some important quality characteristics was determined by path analysis. As a result, it was determined that the
  correlations differed according to cultivars; the important positive correlations were between shell cracking resistance and shell thickness in Tombul and Kalınkara cvs., only the nut shape affected the shell cracking resistance in Palaz cv. and shell thickness in Sivri cv. Furthermore, the maximum shell cracking resistance values were determined in Kalınkara, Tombul, Sivri and Palaz cvs., respectively. This arrangement was the same in nut weight, kernel weight and shell thickness among cultivars.
• 47.
  A RESEARCH ON SOME IMPORTANT QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF
  HAZELNUT CULTIVARS IN DIFFERENT DRYING GROUNDS
• ABSTRACT: This study was carried out on Foşa, Mincane and Yassı Badem hazelnut cultivars grown in Çaykara (Trabzon) in 1997. in cultivars, moisture content, pellicle removal, internal cavity, percent kernel, kernel shrinkage, amount of fiber on kernel, shell and kernel color were determined in different drying grounds. in the study, lawn, concrete, plastic, and board in room drying grounds were used. As a result of this study, moisture content and pellicle removal changed in drying grounds and cultivars. Percent kernel and internal cavity changed in cultivars. Only shell and kernel color from other characteristics changed in drying grounds. Especially, concrete can be recommend as the drying ground from the point of drying in short period, high pellicle removal,
  and good shell and kernel color.
• 48.
  THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TREATMENTS ON THE ROOTING OF HARDWOOD
  CUTTINGS OF "HAYWARD" KIWI CULTIVAR
• ABSTRACT: in this study, the effects of different treatments on the rooting of hardwood cuttings in kiwi (A. deliciosa) were researched. 20-25 cm long of hardwood cuttings were taken from Hayward kiwi cultivar at 15 February. IBA (400, 6000 ppm), NAA (1000,2000 ppm) and potassium humate (120 g /1) (10, 25, 50,75 mi/ 100 mi water and 1 and 3 hours) were treated to cuttings. The callusing rate, rooting rate, viability rate and number of root were determined. in results, the highest rooting percentage, viable percentage and the number of root were determined as 52.22 % (IBA-6000ppm) 56.66 % (IBA-6000 ppm) and 4.77 (D3A-6000 ppm), respectively. The lowest values were determined in K-Humate treatments for all traits.
• 49.
  THE POMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HAZELNUT CULTIVARS
  IN ZONGULDAK PROVINCE
• ABSTRACT: This study was conducted on hazelnut cultivars Tombul, Palaz, Foşa, Mincane and Yuvarlak Badem are grown in Zonguldak province (Turkey) in 1999 and 2000 years. in results, nut weight, kernel weight, percent kernel, shell thickness and average pellicle removal were determined as 1,92 g, 1,08 g, 56,76%, 0,93 mm and 98,16 % for Tombul cv.; 2,33 g, l ,25 g, 54,07 %, l ,00 mm and 95,44 % for Palaz cv.; l ,79 g, 0,96 g, 53,86 %, 0,94 mm and 73,12 % for Foşa cv.; 1,78 g, 0,92 g, 51,96 %, 1,00 mm and 87.08 % for Mincane cv. and 2,05 g, 1,11 g, 54,90 %, 0,88 mm and 52.25 % for Yuvarlak Badem cv. m addition, The all traits of Tombul and Palaz cultivars are similar to results of the other literatures; the percent kernel of Palaz cultivar are higher, and the pellicle removal are lower than others; the nut weight, kernel weight and percent kernel of Mincane and Yuvarlak Badem are higher than others.
• 50.
  VARIATION IN IMPORTANT NUTS, KERNEL, LEAF, AND TECHNOLOGICAL
  TRAITS IN HAZELNUT TREES OF DIFFERENT AGES
• ABSTRACT : Twelve traits were investigated in trees of three cultivars ranging from 10 to 55 years of age. The traits were nut weight, nut size, shell thickness, kernel weight, kernel size, internal cavity, kernel percentage, leaf area, petiole length, petiole thickness, average pellicle removal percentage and full pellicle removal percentage (100 % blanching). Trees were of 'Tombul', 'Palaz' and 'Sivri' m Giresun province in 1999. Significant differences were observed among orchards of different ages for three traits (leaf area, petiole length and petiole thickness) in 'Tombul', for three traits (nut weight, nut size and full pellicle removal percentage) in 'Palaz', and for five traits (nut weight, nut size, kernel weight, kernel size and leaf area) in 'Sivri'.
• 51.
  VARIATION IN MORPHOLOGICAL AND POMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
  IN HAZELNUT AT SIX ELEVATIONS
• ABSTRACT: This study was conducted on 'Tombul', 'Palaz' and 'Sivri' hazelnuts growing at six elevations (10 m, 100 m, 200 m, 300 m, 400 m and 500 m) in Giresun province in 1999. Fourteen traits (nut weight, nut width, nut length, nut height, shell thickness, kernel weight, kernel width, kernel length, kernel height, internal cavity, kernel percentage, leaf area, petiole length and petiole thickness) were examined in each cultivar at each altitude. Significant differences among elevations were observed for kernel width, leaf area and petiole length in 'Tombul'; for kernel width, kernel height, nut width, nut height, shell thickness, kernel percentage and internal cavity in 'Palaz'; and for nut weight, nut length, kernel length, kernel height, internal cavity, leaf area and petiole thickness in 'Sivri'.
• 52.
  EFFECT OF POTASSIUM HUMATE ON HAZELNUT SEED GERM1NATION
• ABSTRACT :The effect of potassium humate on seed germination was studied in 'Tombul', 'Palaz', 'Sivri', 'Çakıldak' and 'Kalınkara' hazelnuts in Ordu province in 1999-2000. Nuts were cracked and kernels treated with water as a control, or with potassium humate (120 g/L) at three concentrations (0.01 mi, 0.02 mi, and 0.03 ml/seed) for two lengths of times (12 and 24 hours). The seeds were then sown in perlite, and seed germination percentage and germination period recorded. Differences among cultivars for % germination and germination period were significant for cultivars and dosage, but not for time. The highest germination percentage was 64.17 % for Çakıldak, and the lowest was 37.08% for Kalınkara. The germination percentage was highest (53.33%) for the 0.02 ml/seed treatment, and 43.00% in the controls. K-Humate treatments increased the germination percentages, and prolonged the germination period. The 0.02 ml/seed of K-humate treatment is recommended for the highest germination percentage.
• 53.
  POMOLOGICAL TRAITS OF 'SU' CHERRY LAUREL
• ABSTRACT: This study was carried out to determine the pomological traits of 'Su' cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) as grown in Trabzon (Turkey) province in 1999, 2000 and 2001. Cluster weight, number of fruit per cluster, fruit weight, stone weight, soluble solids, pH and titrable acid content were determined as 46.75 g, 9.85, 4.89 g, 0.37 g, 15.92 %, 4.55 and 0.29 %, respectively. 'Su' is promising cultivar for the province as table cultivar due to its pomological characteristics. This cultivar is better than others
  because of it is very juicy and attractive color for skin and flesh.
  
  54.
  AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURE OF TRABZON (TURKEY) PROVINCE AND PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

  SUMMARY: Livelihood of people in Trabzon (Turkey) is generally agricultural crops. In Trabzon ecological conditions, hazelnut, tea and maize grown generally. Furthermore, also other species are grown in less area. Stockbreeding, fishing and apiculture are other livelihood. There is erosion problem in agricultural land because of the land is used unsuitable. The solutions for the agricultural structure of Trabzon province are as follows: - Planting of hazelnut orchards in slope, increases in number of agricultural crops, fodder crops and silage production, range improvement, increases in number of cultivated animals, wide and continuous marketing system for all crops.

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